Before he came to Michigan State University to teach and do research, my Kinesiology professor, William W. Huesner, coached swimming at another Big Ten university.   He told a story that opened my eyes to what coaching means.   Coach Huesner used his sixteen millimeter hand-crank camera to film his swimmers through windows in the side of the pool.   He said that he had a particularly tall sprint swimmer whose crawl arm stroke was one-half of a beat off his flutter leg kick.   To synchronize his arm and leg actions, Coach Huesner taught the swimmer to use a sideways cross-over kick between arm strokes.   With this adjustment, this swimmer won the Big Ten Championship.

     Professor Heusner said that, the following year, the other swimming coach wannabes taught their swimmers to use a sideways cross-over kick.   When, rather than scientifically analyzing skills, coaches teach their athletes to imitate others, they makes fools of themselves and cheat their athletes.

     In the following discussion, I will carefully explain my theoretical pitching motion.   However, what pitchers proprioceptively 'feel' they are doing is not what they are actually doing.   Therefore, even though my five hundred frames per second high-speed sixteen millimeter film shows otherwise, I want my pitchers to believe that they are actually driving their pitches along a straight line toward home plate that is slightly above and very near their pitching ear with their horizontal pitching forearm driving forward from the start of the upper arm acceleration to the end of the deceleration phase.

     Home plate is seventeen inches wide.   The pitching rubber is twenty-four inches wide.   Therefore, three and one-half inches on both ends of the pitching rubber lie outside of home plate.

     To maximize the lateral movement of their pitches, I teach my pitchers to stand on either end of the pitching rubber.   For example, when my pitchers want to throw pitches to the pitching arm side of home plate, they stand on the glove side of the pitching rubber.   Therefore:

     At my Pitchers Research/Training Center, I paint three and one-half inch wide lines on the astroturf surface of my pitching mounds directed straight forward from both ends of my pitching rubbers.   I call the line on the glove-end of the pitching rubber, the 'maxline' driveline for the rear foot.   I call the line on the pitching arm-end of the pitching rubber, the 'torque' driveline for the rear foot.   to learn how to throw my Maxline and Torque pitchers with maximum lateral movement, I teach my pitchers to stand on the glove end of the pitching rubber to throw my Maxline pitches and to stand on the pitching arm end of the pitching rubber to throw my Torque pitches.   Therefore:

     Baseball pitchers should release their pitches as high as their standing height allows.   Therefore, I teach my pitchers that they should stand tall and rotate, rather than bend forward at their waist.   Therefore:

     The center of mass of pitchers lies in the middle of their body at about belly button level.   To track the movement of the center of mass of pitchers, coaches should imagine a softball size ball in the middle of their body behind the belly button.

     To posteriorly extend the length of their driveline, I teach my pitchers to stand vertically upright with their body weight on their glove foot and their glove foot one full step behind the pitching rubber.   As a result, at the start of my Wind-Up Set Position body action Pendulum Swing glove and pitching arm actions, my pitchers have their center of mass one-half step behind the pitching rubber.   Therefore:

     To use their hip extensor muscles to powerfully drive their body straight toward home plate, I teach my pitchers to point their pitching foot at home plate.   Therefore:

     For glove shoulder and arm relaxation and comfort, I teach my pitchers to hold their glove at their waist centered on their belt buckle.   Therefore:

     For pitching shoulder and arm relaxation and comfort, I teach my pitchers to hold their pitching hand inside of their glove centered at their waist.   Therefore:

     Pitchers need a movement to trigger the start of their pitching motion.   To design the trigger movement for any sport skill, motor skill researchers need to determine the first movement of the motor skill.   Then, they design the trigger movement as a small opposite movement.

     To trigger my Wind-Up Set Position body action with my Pendulum Swing glove and pitching arm actions, I teach my pitchers to raise both hands to shoulder height while their rotate their acromial line forty-five degrees away from home plate.   This reverse rotation places their glove and pitching hands on the line between home plate and second base.   Therefore:

     The Transition Phase begins when pitchers take the baseball out of their glove and ends when their glove foot contacts the ground.

     I teach my pitchers to release all pitches at the same height.   I teach my pitchers to never drive their pitches higher than horizontally straight forward.   However, if pitchers are able to drive their pitches at downward angles, then they will add a downward drive component to the pitches that have spin components that also move these pitches downward.   That is, pitchers will achieve greater downward movement with my Maxline True Screwball, Maxline Pronation Curve, Maxline Fastball Sinker and Torque Fastball Slider.   As a result, the higher that baseball pitchers can release their pitches without altering the height of their straight-line driveline, the greater the downward angle at which they can drive their pitches.   To release their pitches as high as their standing height permits, I teach my pitchers to stand tall and release their pitches as high as their height allows.   Therefore:

     To insure that they can drive their pitches straight forward from my 'Ready' position through release, I teach my pitchers to keep their shoulders level throughout the transition phase.   Therefore:

     For my Wind-Up Set Position body action, Pendulum Swing glove and pitching arm actions pitching motion, I teach my pitchers to bring the 'crow-hop throwing rhythm' to the pitching mound.   As a result, my pitchers delay the forward movement of their body until after they raise their pitching arm almost to driveline height.   Therefore:

     When baseball position players use the 'crow-hop throwing rhythm,' they field the baseball with both hands and, while they raise both hands to shoulder height to trigger their throwing motion, they hop on their throwing foot.   This hop delays the forward movement of their body.   In this way, position baseball players do not move their body forward until after they move their glove and throwing hands into the position from which they start their throws.   To delay their body action until they move their glove and pitching hands into proper position from which they start their acceleration phase, I teach my pitchers keep their glove foot on the ground until they raise their pitching hand almost to driveline height.   Therefore:

     To not introduce any change in the height of their center of mass that would decrease their stability or increase the time that they need to release their pitches, when they step straight forward with their glove leg, I teach my pitchers to keep their glove foot close to the ground.   Therefore:

     To insure that they can move their center of mass straight forward, I teach my pitchers to step straight forward, such that their glove foot contacts the ground to the glove-side of my drivelines for the pitching foot.   Therefore:

     To enable my pitchers to move their pitching leg straight forward to in front of their glove foot, such that they can forwardly rotate their acromial line beyond perpendicular to the driveline toward home plate and, thereby, release their pitches closer to home plate, I teach my pitchers to step straight forward as far as they can with their glove foot and still be able to move their pitching leg and, therefore, their center of mass straight forward to in front of their glove foot.   Therefore:

     To prevent 'glove foot float,' where, during its forward step, the glove foot moves to the glove side of the body just before it contacts the ground, I teach my pitchers to wait until after their glove foot contacts the ground before they start to forwardly rotate their hips and shoulders.   Therefore:

     After my pitchers raise their pitching arm almost to driveline height, I teach them to 'sprint' off the pitching rubber straight toward home plate.   To prepare for this standing 'sprint' start, I teach my pitchers to have their body weight on their glove foot, which is one step behind their pitching foot.   I teach my pitchers to have their pitching foot hooked over the pitching rubber pointing toward home plate.   Therefore:

     The 'Trigger' movement places the glove and pitching hands at shoulder height on the line between home plate and second base.   To start the Transition Phase, my pitchers double arm pendulum swing their glove and pitching hands to my 'Ready' position from which they will start the Acceleration Phase of my pitching motion.   At the end of the 'Trigger' action, my pitchers have their glove palm facing backward.   From this position, I want my pitchers to move their glove hand downward to waist high, forward toward home plate and upward to shoulder height while they pronate their glove forearm.   As a result, when my pitchers complete their glove arm pendulum swing, they will have their glove thumb pointing downward.   Therefore:

     To help my pitchers to keep their pitching arm on the line between home plate and second base and keep their shoulders slightly angled downward, I teach my pitchers to point their glove forearm directly at the ground where home plate waits for their pitches to arrive.   Therefore:

     The 'Trigger' movement places the glove and pitching hands at shoulder height on the line between home plate and second base.   To start the Transition Phase, my pitchers double arm pendulum swing their glove and pitching hands to my 'Ready' position from which they will start the Acceleration Phase of my pitching motion.   At the end of the 'Trigger' action, my pitchers have their pitching palm facing inward.   From this position, I want my pitchers to move their pitching hand downward to below waist high, backward toward second base and upward to driveline height slightly above their pitching ear.   As a result, when my pitchers complete their pitching arm pendulum swing, except for my Maxline True Screwball and Maxline Fastball Sinker pitches, they will have their pitching palm facing upward.   Therefore:

     During the pitching arm pendulum swing, my pitchers should not ever stop the free, flowing movement of their pitching hand.   Therefore:

     To prevent pitchers from introducing any lateral movements to their pitching arm during the Transition Phase, my pitchers keep their pitching upper arm and pitching forearm in the same vertical plane.   Therefore:

     To make certain that their entire pitching arm points absolutely vertically downward when it passes their pitching hip, my pitchers have the metacarpal bones of their pitching hand pointing straight downward with their pitching palm facing inward.   Therefore:

     To prevent late pitching forearm turnover, which leads to reverse pitching forearm bounce, which leads to pitching forearm flyout, which causes the decrease in pitching elbow extension and flexion ranges of motion, it is critical that, pitchers raise their pitching hand to shoulder height at the same time that they raise their pitching elbow to shoulder height.

     To insure that they do not raise their pitching elbow to shoulder height before their pitching hand, my pitchers stop the backward movement of their pitching elbow when, during the pendulum swing of the pitching arm, it is about forty-five degrees behind vertical.

     To insure that their pitching hand reaches driveline height with its palm facing upward, when the pitching arm is forty-five degrees behind vertical in its pendulum swing, my pitchers turn their pitching palm from facing inward to facing outward.

     To insure that their pitching upper arm reaches shoulder height, after they turn their pitching palm to face outward, my pitchers restart the upward movement of their pitching elbow.

     To insure that my pitchers do not introduce any horizontal centripetal force to their pitching arm pendulum swing, I teach my pitchers to arrive at my 'Ready' position with their pitching palm facing outward.   Therefore:

     When they turn their pitching palm from facing inward to facing outward, my pitchers cannot help but to also outwardly rotate the bone of their pitching upper arm.   Outward rotation of the pitching upper arm turns its anterior surface to face upward.   When the anterior surface of the pitching upper arm faces upward, the anterior surface of the pitching forearm also faces upward.   When their pitching upper arm reaches shoulder height and their pitching hand reaches driveline height, my pitchers have already turned their pitching forearm over.   As a result, my pitchers do not have 'late pitching forearm turnover,' which means that they do not have the 'traditional' pitching motion's reverse pitching forearm bounce or pitching forearm flyout.   Therefore:

     In the 'traditional' pitching motion, their pitchers start their pitching upper arm forward while their pitching hand is moving backward.   These actions not only cause reverse pitching forearm bounce, which unnecessarily stresses the inside of the pitching elbow, but it also generates centripetal force that slings the pitching forearm laterally away from the body.   To prevent them from generating centripetal force, I teach my pitchers to have their pitching hand above and behind their pitching elbow before they start moving their pitching upper arm forward.   Therefore:

     The Transition Phase of my pitching motion ends when the glove foot contacts the ground after stepping straight forward from one step behind the pitching rubber.   To insure smooth, continuous movement of the baseball backward and upward to my 'Ready' position to forward movement, I teach my pitchers to start this forward step with their glove foot before they raise their pitching hand to driveline height.   As a result, my pitchers maintain the momentum of the center of mass of the baseball, such that they enter the Acceleration Phase with a positive velocity.   Therefore:

     My pitchers lift their glove foot off the ground and start their step straight forward toward home plate before the raise their glove arm to point directly at home plate and before they raise their pitching arm to driveline height.   As a result, they have already started their center of mass forward before their glove and pitching arms has reached my 'Ready' position.   However, I want my pitchers to maximize the toward-second-base distance of the length of their driveline.   Therefore:

     In the time period from when my pitchers step forward with their glove foot and when their glove foot contacts the ground, I teach my pitchers to assume the appropriate 'Loaded Slingshot' pitching arm position for whichever pitch they wish to throw.   As a result, my pitchers 'lock' their pitching arm with their body, such that they cannot take their pitching elbow behind their acromial line.   Therefore:

     In my 'Loaded Slingshot' pitching arm position, I teach my pitchers to posteriorly extend their pitching arm to its fullest length.   Because I want my pitchers to have the longest driveline possible for the start of their Acceleration Phase, I teach my pitchers to leave their pitching arm in my 'Loaded Slingshot' position.   In this way, I want my pitchers to 'reach back' for something extra.   Therefore:

     The Acceleration Phase begins when the glove foot contacts the ground and ends when they release their pitches.

     The human eye sees at thirty frames per second.   That is why videotape shows movement at only thirty frames per second.   At ninety miles per hour, the baseball moves one hundred and thirty-two feet per second or one thousand five hundred and eighty-four inches per second.   Therefore, with videotape, during the Acceleration Phase, the baseball moves fifty-two point eight inches or over four feet between frames.   Without high-speed film, nobody can see what the pitching arm does during the Acceleration Phase.

     I have filmed baseball pitching at five hundred frames per second for almost forty years and continue to do so.   I have seen and recognize the meaning of 'late pitching forearm turnover, 'reverse forearm bounce', 'pitching forearm flyout' and other pitching flaws.   I have seen precisely where pitchers release their pitches.   I have seen what their pitching forearm, wrist, hand and fingers do immediately after they release their pitches.   Most 'traditional' pitching coaches have not seen any of this and, those few who have, have no idea what they are looking at.   Most of what they tell their pitchers to do, their pitchers cannot do.   I know what my pitchers can do.   When my pitchers try to do what I teach them to do, they get closer to what they need to do.

     During the Acceleration Phase, the 'traditional' pitching motion and my pitching motion greatly differ.   With the 'traditional' pitching motion, their pitchers forwardly rotate their acromial line from pointing at the opposite mid-infielder to perpendicular to the driveline toward home plate.   With my pitching motion, my pitchers forwardly rotate their acromial line from pointing at second base to forty-five degrees in front of perpendicular toward home plate.   As a result, both the 'traditional' pitching motion and mine rotate the acromial line through about the same degrees.   However, where the 'traditional' pitching motion only rotates the acromial line to perpendicular to the driveline, my pitching motion rotates the acromial line to forty-five degrees in front of perpendicular.   Therefore, my pitchers not only apply more force toward home plate, they also release their pitches closer to home plate.

     To release their pitches as high as their standing height permits, throughout the Acceleration Phase, I teach my pitchers to stand as tall as they can.   Therefore,

     To release my Maxline Fastball and Maxline True Screwball with horizontal spin axes, my pitchers have to have their pitching forearm, wrist, hand and fingers vertical at release.   To release my Maxline Pronation Curve with over-spin, which means beyond a horizontal spin axis, my pitchers have to have their pitching forearm, wrist, hand and fingers inside of vertical at release.   To release my Torque Fastball with a forty-five degree glove-side tilted spin axis, my pitchers have to have their pitching forearm, wrist, hand and fingers forty-five degrees inside of vertical at release.

     During the baseball pitching motion, the human anatomy does not have a muscle that baseball pitchers can use to raise their pitching upper arm above a line parallel with the line across the top of their shoulders.   As a result, to achieve vertical pitching forearms, wrists, hands and fingers, baseball pitchers cannot simply reach their pitching arm straight upward.

     To achieve vertical pitching forearms, wrists, hands and fingers, baseball pitchers have to separate how theyruse their pitching upper arm and pitching forearm.   Because pitchers can only raise their pitching upper arm to a line that is parallel with the line across the top of their shoulders, at the very end of the Acceleration Phase, they have to tilt their shoulders to their glove side.   How much pitchers have to tilt their shoulder line to their glove side depends on how many degrees of separation they can get with their pitching forearm.   To achieve vertical pitching forearms, wrists, hands and fingers, the angle of shoulder tilt and the angle of the pitching forearm to the pitching upper arm must add up to at least ninety degrees.   Therefore,

     Sir Isaac Newton's Law of Reaction says that for every action force, there is an equal and oppositely-directed reaction force.   This means that if baseball pitchers want to apply greater force to their pitches toward home plate, then they have to apply greater force toward in the opposite direction, or, toward second base.   To apply greater force toward second base with the pitching leg, I teach my pitchers to point their pitching foot at home plate.   As a result, my pitchers use the muscles that plantar flex their pitching ankle, extend their pitching knee and extend their hip joint to powerfully push straight forward off the pitching rubber.   Therefore:

     To accelerate their center of mass straight toward home plate as fast as they can, I teach my pitchers to use their pitching leg to powerfully sprint off the pitching rubber and, in the same way that sprinters recover their drive leg, to use the powerful hip flexor muscles and knee flexor muscles to move their pitching leg straight forward.   As a result, until their pitching foot contacts the ground way in front of their glove foot and well after they have released their pitches, my pitchers keep their center of mass moving straight forward.   Therefore:

     After they use their pitching leg to powerfully push off the pitching rubber, just like a 'sprint start,' I teach my pitchers drive their pitching upper leg straight forward as powerfully as possible.   When my pitchers drive their pitching upper leg straight forward, they forwardly rotate their hips.

     After the pitching knee moves in front of the glove foot, I teach my pitchers push back with their glove foot.   To forwardly rotate their hips beyond perpendicular to the driveline, while my pitchers push back with their glove foot, I teach my pitchers to 'flip' their pitching hip forward, such that the side of their pitching hip faces toward home plate.   As a result, my pitchers forwardly rotate their hips to point toward home plate.   Therefore:

     When my pitchers forwardly rotate their hips beyond perpendicular to the driveline to home plate, they lengthen the muscles that forwardly rotate their shoulders.   As a result, my pitchers can more powerfully forward rotate their shoulders.

     When my pitchers forwardly rotate their hips beyond perpendicular to the driveline to home plate, they enable my pitchers to forward rotate their shoulders even farther forward beyond perpendicular to the driveline to home plate.   As a result, my pitchers extend the release of their pitches even closer to home plate.

     When my pitchers drive their pitching upper leg straight forward, they move their center of mass straight forward.   When my pitchers move their center of mass straight forward, they not only extend the release point of their driveline to closer to home plate, but they also increase their release velocity.   To understand how they increase their release velocity, I want you to imagine a railroad train with a flat car with a pitching mound and home plate moving at ten miles per hour.   Imagine a pitcher, catcher and someone with a radar gun.   When the pitcher throw a ninety mile per hour fastball to the catcher, the radar gun registers ninety miles per hour.   Now, imagine that they arrive at a loading platform that is the same height as the flat car and it has a catcher and someone with a radar gun.   Imagine that, precisely when the pitcher is sixty feet six inches away from the platform catcher, he throws the same ninety mile per hour fastball.   What does the radar gun register?   One hundred miles per hour.   Therefore:

     When the glove foot contacts the ground, the Acceleration Phase of the baseball pitching motion begins.   During the Acceleration Phase, I teach my pitchers to move their center of mass straight forward as far as they can.   To help move their center of mass straight forward, I teach my pitchers to power walk with their glove leg.   That is, just like when they walk down the street, I teach my pitchers to land with the heel of their glove foot contacting the ground.   Therefore,

     To continue the forward movement of their center of mass, just like when they walk down the street, I teach my pitchers to roll over their entire length of their glove foot.   Therefore,

     To position their glove foot to powerfully push backward toward second base after they move their center of mass in from of their glove foot, after they roll across the entire length of their glove foot, I teach my pitchers to turn their glove foot outward.   Therefore,

     As another way to generate oppositely-directed force that increase the force that baseball pitchers can apply to the baseball toward home plate, at the end of the Acceleration Phase, I teach my pitchers to use their glove foot to powerfully accelerate their center of mass toward home plate.   At the same moment when my pitchers use their pitching forearm for the final explosive drive through release, I teach my pitchers to powerfully push backward toward second base with their glove foot.   Therefore,

     As a third source of oppositely-directed force, I teach my pitchers to powerfully pull their glove straight backward.   From my 'Trigger' position, I teach my pitchers to smmothly pendulum swing their glove downward, forward and upward to shoulder height pointing at home plate with their glove thumb pointing downward.   Therefore:

     To slightly downwardly drive their pitches directly at home plate, I teach my pitchers to aim their glove arm directly at home plate.   To straight-line drive their pitches directly at home plate, I teach my pitchers to line the line across the top of their shoulders and their pitching upper arm with their glove arm.    Therefore:

     At the same time that they use their pitching leg to powerfully push off the pitching rubber, I teach my pitchers to use their glove arm to apply force toward second base.   Therefore:

     To apply force along the line that is parallel with the driveline for the pitching arm, I teach my pitchers to move their glove absolutely straight backward.   As a result, my pitchers move their glove to their glove shoulder.   Therefore:

     To move their glove arm from aiming directly at home plate with their glove thumb pointing downward, I teach my pitchers to powerfully flex the elbow joint of their glove arm and to powerfully supinate the forearm joint of their glove arm.   As a result, my pitchers move their glove to their glove shoulder with their glove palm facing their glove shoulder.   Because I do not want my pitchers to move their glove upper arm beyond vertical, I teach my pitchers to not use their shoulder joint extensor muscles to pull their glove backward.   Therefore:

     For the pitching arm, the Acceleration Phase does not start until after my pitchers use their pitching leg to powerfully push off the pitching rubber, until after my pitchers use their glove leg to pull their body forward, until after my pitchers use their glove arm to pull their body forward and until after my pitchers drive their pitching upper leg forward.   During all these force applications, my pitchers maintain their pitching arm in my 'Loaded Slingshot' position, where they have outwardly rotated the head of their Humerus bone in its Glenoid Fossa to 'lock' their pitching upper arm to their body and positioned their pitching forearm for whatever pitch that they wish to throw.   Therefore:

     When their center of mass moves in front of their glove foot, I teach my pitchers to use their glove leg to push back toward second base.   With this force application, my pitchers not only continue the forward movement of their center of mass, but they also increase the velocity of their center of mass.   Therefore:

     When Hercules pushed down the two pillers, he stood between them and used with both arms to push outwardly along his acromial line.   In this way, he used the muscles that abducted his shoulder girdles, horizontally flexed his shoulder joints, extended his elbow joints, pronated his forearm joints, flexed his wrist joints and flexed his finger joints.   With this force application technique, human arms generate their greatest amount of force.   I teach my pitchers to also apply force along their acromial line.

     To generate their greatest amount of force with their pitching arm, I teach my pitchers to drive their pitches along their acromial line.   In my 'Ready' and 'Loaded Slingshot' positions, I teach my pitchers to point the acromial line from their pitching arm outward at second base.   During the entirety of the Acceleration Phase, I teach my pitchers to powerfully forwardly rotate their acromial line toward home plate.   To maximally forwardly rotate their acromial line, after my pitchers use their glove leg to push back toward second base, I teach them to 'flip' their pitching hip forward, such that the pitching side of their hip faces toward home plate.   This 'flip' of their pitching hip points the bi-trochlear line of their hips toward home plate.   As a result, my pitchers can more powerfully and more fully forwardly rotate their acromial line toward home plate.   Therefore:

     In Physics, force-coupling occurs when parallel and oppositely-directed forces operate on both sides of a fulcrum.   I teach my pitchers to force-couple not only their glove and pitching arms, but also their glove leg and pitching forearm.   At the same instant that they use their glove leg to powerfully push back toward second base, I teach my pitchers to start driving their pitching hand straight toward home plate.   Therefore:

     From my 'Loaded Slingshot' position, while they are forwardly rotating their acromial line toward home plate, I teach my pitchers to horizontally drive their pitching hand straight forward toward home plate along my driveline that is slightly above their pitching ear and behind the center of their head.   To drive their pitching hand straight forward from its most toward-second-base position to its most toward-home-plate position requires the sequential action of specific muscles to move the Scapula bone of the pitching shoulder, the Humerus bone of the pitching upper arm, the Ulna bone of the pitching elbow and the Radius bone of the pitching forearm toward home plate.

     With the acromial line of their pitching arm pointing toward second base, to start their pitching hand along the driveline toward home plate, my pitchers use their Serratus Anterior muscle to powerfully move their Scapula bone toward home plate (shoulder girdle abduction).   Therefore:

     With the acromial line of their pitching arm perpendicular to the driveline toward home plate, to continue their pitching hand along the driveline toward home plate, my pitchers use their Pectoralis Major muscle to powerfully 'lock' their Humerus bone with their body as it rotates toward home plate.   Therefore:

     With the acromial line of their pitching arm forty-five degrees toward home plate, to continue their pitching hand along the driveline toward home plate, my pitchers use their Triceps Brachii muscle to powerfully move their Ulna bone toward home plate.   Therefore:

     With the acromial line of their pitching arm aimed at home plate, to continue their pitching hand along the driveline toward home plate, my pitchers use their Pronator Teres muscle to powerfully move their Radius bone toward home plate.   Therefore:

     The Deceleration Phase begins when pitchers release their pitches and ends when their pitching fingers reach as far forward as they can.

     After they release their pitches as high as their standing height permits, I teach my pitchers to continue to stand as tall as they can.   Therefore:

     After they release their pitches, my pitchers continue to use their glove leg to push back toward second base.   As a result, they continue to move their center of mass straight forward.   When their center of mass continues to move straight forward, my pitchers extend the time and distance over which they can decelerate their pitching arm.   Therefore:

     After they release my pitches, my pitchers continue to move their pitching leg straight forward.   To prepare to receive batted baseballs, I teach my pitchers to get their pitching foot on the ground as quickly as possible.   Therefore:

     To safely stop the forward movement of their center of mass, when their pitching foot contacts the ground, I teach my pitchers to have their pitching foot turned at a forty-five degree angle.   Therefore:

     After they release my pitches, I teach my pitchers to keep their glove tightly against their glove shoulder.   After their pitching foot contacts the ground, I teach my pitchers to move their glove from their shoulder to in front of their head.   Therefore:

     When pitchers release their fastballs at ninety miles per hour, the index and middle pitching fingertips are going slightly faster than the baseball.   Ninety miles per hour is fifteen hundred and eighty-four inches per second.   To safely decelerate their pitching arm, pitchers have only until their pitching arm reaches its closest to home plate.

     In the late 1980s, I attended a convention where a presenter claimed that, to decelerate their pitching arm, pitchers needed several hundred pounds of force.   Unfortunately, this presenter never watched high-speed film of the Deceleration Phase of the pitching motion.   In the same way, although reversed, that pitchers apply force to the baseball, they apply force to decelerate their pitching arm.   That is, they decelerate each segment sequentially.

     To move their Scapula bone toward home plate, my pitchers contract their Serratus Anterior muscle.   After they move their Scapula bone as close to home plate as their Serratus Anterior muscle permits, my pitchers contract their Rhomboid Major and Minor and the inferior angle of the Scapula bone portion of the Latissimus Dorsi muscles.   This means that, well before they release their pitches, my pitchers completely stop the forward movement of their Scapula bone.

     To 'lock' their Humerus bone with their body while they forwardly rotates their body toward home plate, my pitchers contract their Pectoralis Major muscle.   After the forward rotation of their body moves their Humerus bone as close to home plate as possible, my pitchers contract their Teres Major and the Humerus bone portion of the Latissimus Dorsi muscles.   This means that, well before they release their pitches, my pitchers completely stop the forward movement of their Humerus bone.

     To move their Ulna bone toward home plate, my pitchers contract their Triceps Brachii muscle.   After they move their Ulna bone as close to home plate as their Triceps Brachii muscle permits, my pitchers contract their Brachialis muscle.   This means that, shortly before they release their pitches, my pitchers completely stop the forward movement of their Ulna bone.

     To move their Radius bone toward home plate, my pitchers use their Pronator Teres muscle.   After they move their Radius bone as close to home plate as their Pronator Teres muscle permits, my pitchers contract their Brachioradialis muscle.   This means that, shortly before they release their pitches, my pitchers completely stop the forward movement of their Radius bone.

     Because the wrist, hand and finger bone of baseball pitchers do not weigh much, my pitchers do not require several hundred pounds of force to safely decelerate them to a stop.   To continue the straight line drive of the baseball toward home plate, I teach my pitchers to drive their pitching hand and fingers straight toward home plate.   As a result, after they release their pitches, my pitchers 'stick' their pitching upper arm, forearm, wrist, hand and finger straight toward home plate.

     Because the 'traditional' pitching motion slings the pitching forearm of their pitchers laterally away from their body, after 'traditional' baseball pitchers release their pitchers, they pitching forearm continues along its curves pathway to move across the front of their body.   As a result, 'traditional' pitching coaches mistakenly believe that this a 'follow-through' that safely decelerates the pitching arm.

     In fact, after they release their pitches, pitchers have only until their pitching finger move as close to home plate as they do in which to safely decelerate their pitching arm.   With high-speed film, I determined that the Deceleration Phase ends approximately thirty-four thousands of a second after release.   This means that the movement of the pitching arm across the front of their body has nothing to do with the Deceleration Phase.   It is simply the continuation of the pitching forearm flyout centripetal forces of the 'traditional' pitching motion.

     To safely decelerate their pitching arm, I teach my pitchers to continue the forward rotation of their acromial line and to continue to move their center of mass straight forward.   As a result, my pitchers increase the time and distance over which they have to decelerate their pitching arm.   Therefore:

     The Recovery Phase begins when pitchers stop the forward movement of their pitching arm and ends when pitchers can voluntarily move their pitching arm.

     After they stop their body from moving forward, I teach my pitchers to assume the bent knee, shoulder width feet position from which they can quickly respond to batted baseballs.   Therefore:

     After they stop their body from moving forward, to establish better balance and body control, I teach my pitchers to move their glove foot to within shoulder width of their pitching foot.   As a result, my pitchers are in position from which they can quickly move after batted baseballs.   Therefore:

     After they stop their body from moving forward, to establish better balance and body control, I teach my pitchers to assume the bent knee, shoulder width feet position from which they can quickly respond to batted baseballs.   As a result, my pitchers are in the balanced body position from which they can quickly move after batted baseballs.   Therefore:

     To protect their head against baseballs batted back at them, after their pitching foot contacts the ground, I teach my pitchers to keep their acromial line pointed at home plate, such that with their glove pressed against their glove shoulder, they can easily move their glove in front of their head.

     After they decelerate their pitching arm to a stop, my pitchers have their pitching arm pointing at home plate.   As a result, to re-position their pitching arm, my pitchers only need to flex their pitching elbow.   Therefore: