Copyright 2009
Coaching Baseball Pitchers
By Michael Grant Marshall, Ph.D.
Table of Contents
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Section I: Author's Credentials
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A. Chapter One: Personal History
B. Chapter Two: Academic Training
C. Chapter Three: Professional Pitching Achievements
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Section II: Adolescent Pitchers
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A. Chapter Four: Assessing the Biological Age of Adolescent Males
01. Hand-Wrist Skeletal X-rays
02. Adolescent Male Sexual Maturity Indicators
B. Chapter Five: Variability in the Maturation Rates of Adolescent Males
01. Doctoral Dissertation Data
02. Adolescent Male Maturational Rate Differences
C. Chapter Six: Skeletal Growth and Development Principles
01. Embryonic Skeletal Development
02. Mechanical Stresses Influence Adolescent Bone Growth
D. Chapter Seven: Growth Plates of the Adolescent Pitching Elbow
01. Appearance Sequences
02. Union Sequences
E. Chapter Eight: Growth and Development of the Adolescent Male Elbow
01. Evaluation Procedure
02. Muscle Attachments on Elbow Growth Plates
03. Bi-Lateral Elbow X-Rays of Adolescent Males
F. Chapter Nine: Research into Adolescent Pitching Arm Injuries
01. Injuries Among 771,810 Little League Baseball Players
02. Injuries to the Throwing Arm - a study of traumatic changes in the elbow joints of boy baseball players
03. Little League Shoulder-Osteochondritis of the Proximal Humeral Epiphyses of Boy Baseball Pitchers
04. Additional References
G. Chapter Ten: Bi-Lateral Elbow X-Rays of Two Major League Pitchers
01. Methodology
02. Analyzing X-Rays
03. Pitching Elbow Irregularities
04. Bi-Lateral Elbow Ranges of Motion
05. Causes of Decreased Pitching Elbow Ranges of Motion
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Section III: Youth Baseball
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A. Chapter Eleven: 1955 Little League Baseball World Series Players
01. C. W. Crampton's Biological Maturity Assessment
02. Who Dominated the Championship?
B. Chapter Twelve: Youth Baseball Programs
01. Follow the Research Findings
02. Listen to the Children
03. Youth Baseball Recommendations
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Section IV: Applied Human Anatomy
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A. Chapter Thirteen: Shoulder Girdle
01. Primary Shoulder Girdle Bones
02. Other Shoulder Girdle Bones
03. Kinesiological Actions
04. Shoulder Girdle Muscles
05. Pitching Actions
B. Chapter Fourteen: Shoulder Joint
01. Shoulder Joint Bone
02. Other Shoulder Joint Bones
03. Kinesiological Actions
04. Shoulder Joint Muscles
05. Pitching Actions
C. Chapter Fifteen: Elbow Joint
01. Elbow Joint Bones
02. Kinesiological Actions
03. Elbow Joint Muscles
04. Pitching Actions
D. Chapter Sixteen: Forearm Joint
01. Forearm Bones
02. Kinesiological Actions
03. Forearm Muscles
04. Pitching Actions
E. Chapter Seventeen: Wrist Joint
01. Wrist Bones
02. Kinesiological Actions
03. Wrist Muscles
04. Pitching Actions
F. Chapter Eighteen: Finger Joints
01. Finger Joints Bones
02. Kinesiological Actions
03. Finger Muscle
04. Pitching Actions
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Section V: Why Do Pitches Change Direction After Pitchers Release Them?
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A. Chapter Nineteen: Daniel Bernoulli
01. Fluid Flow Equation
02. Magnus Effect
03. Marshall Effect
B. Chapter Twenty: Gravity
01. Time to Fall Formula
02. Time to Fall Calculation
03. Total Horizontal Distance Formula
04. Total Horizontal Distance Calculation
05. Trajectory Equation
06. Trajectory Equation Simplification
07. Trajectory Equation Calculations
C. Chapter Twenty-One: Atmosphere
01. Weight of One Cubic Foot of Air Molecules Formula
02. Barometric Pressure
03. Temperature
04. Pitching Implications
D. Chapter Twenty-Two: Maximum Falling Velocity of Baseballs
01. Integrated Final Velocity Formula
02. Falling Baseball Final Velocity Calculation
03. Drag Formula
04. Maximum Falling Velocity Formula
05. Maximum Falling Velocity Calculation
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Section VI: What Pitch Should Pitchers Throw First, Second and So On?
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A. Chapter Twenty-Three: Data Collection
01. What Pitch Sequence?
02. Pitch-By-Pitch Game Sheet
03. Individual Hitter Sheet
B. Chapter Twenty-Four: Research Findings
01. 1971 Major League Season
02. 1972 Major League Season
03. 1973 Major League Season
04. 1974 Major League Season
C. Chapter Twenty-Five: Computer Analysis
01. Pitch and Hitter Data Descriptions
02. Four Hitter Type Data Descriptions
03. Comparing the Four Types of Hitters
D. Chapter Twenty-Six: Pitch Sequence Study
01. Left-Handed Spray Hitters
02. Left-Handed Pull Hitters
03. Right-Handed Spray Hitters
04. Right-Handed Pull Hitters
E. Chapter Twenty-Seven: What Pitches Should Pitchers Master?
01. General Concepts
02. Right-Handed Pitchers
03. Left-Handed Pitchers
F. Chapter Twenty-Eight: Pitch Sequences For Youth, High School, College and Professional Pitchers
01. General Concepts
02. 1st, 2nd and 3rd At Bat Pitch Sequences For Youth and High School Pitchers
03. 1st, 2nd and 3rd At Bat Pitch Sequences For College and Professional Pitchers
04. 1975: Dream to Disaster
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Section VII: Biomechanical Analysis of the Pitching Motion
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A. Chapter Twenty-Nine: Sir Isaac Newton
01. 1st Law of Motion: Inertia
02. 2nd Law of Motion: Acceleration
03. 3rd Law of Motion: Reaction
04. Dr. Mike Marshall's Three Laws of Force Application for Baseball Pitching
B. Chapter Thirty: High-Speed Film Study
01. Methodology
02. Findings
03. Analyses
04. Pitching Motion Corrections
05. Fastball’s Final Velocity
06. Conversion for Miles Per Hour to Feet Per Second
07. Radar Gun Readings
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Section VIII: Principles With Which to Design Baseball Pitcher Interval-Training Programs
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A. Chapter Thirty-One: Muscle Physiology
01. Myofibrils
02. Actin Protein Filaments
03. Myosin Protein Filaments
04. Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP)
05. Myofibril Contractile Units
06. Mechanism of Muscle Contraction
07. Three Muscle Fiber Types
08. Biological Energy Cycle
09. Connective Tissues
10. Myofibril Force Theory
11. Three Kinesiological Joint Actions
12. Motor Nerve Cells
13. Motor Unit
14. Motor Unit Contraction and Relaxation Sequences
15. Muscle Injuries
16. Lombard’s Paradox
B. Chapter Thirty-Two: Physiology of Exercise
01. Specificity of Training
02. The Overload Principle
03. Dr. Marshall's Twenty Percent Principle
04. Arterial Blood Flow Principle
05. Weight Training's Relaxation Instant Principle
06. Bi-Lateral Training Principle
07. Dr. Marshall's Plioanglos Training Principle
08. Differential Neuromuscular Tension Control (NTC) Principle
C. Chapter Thirty-Three: Dr. Marshall's Interval-Training Programs
01. Work Phase
02. Rest Phase
D. Chapter Thirty-Four: Motor Development, Learning and Skill Acquisition
01. General Motor Skill Characteristics
02. Instructional Blueprints
03. Internal Learning Processes
04. Classifying Motor Skills
05. Methods of Motor Skill Instruction
06. Practice Principles
07. Evaluation Principles
E. Chapter Thirty-Five: Pitcher Training Facility
01. Pitching Mound
02. Receiving Net
03. Iron Ball Rebound Wall
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Section IX: Dr. Marshall's Training Programs, Drills and Baseball Pitching Motions
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A. Chapter Thirty-Six: Dr. Mike Marshall's Interval-Training Programs and Drills
01. 60-Day Youth Baseball Pitchers Motor Skill Acquisition Program
02. 120-Day High School Baseball Pitchers Interval-Training Program
03. 724-Day Adult Baseball Pitcher Interval-Training Program
04. Training Facilitators
05. Wrist Weight Warm-Up Drills
06. Iron Ball Warm-Up Drills
07. Pitch-Specific Throwing Drills
08. Major League Baseball Rules
B. Chapter Thirty-Seven: Dr. Mike Marshall's Pitching Motions
01. Where to Stand on the Pitching Rubber
02. How to Stand on the Pitching Rubber
03. Trigger Action
04. Transition (Preparation) Phase
05. Acceleration Phase
06. Deceleration Phase
07. Recovery Phase
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